Controlling groups of electrical loads via multicast and/or unicast messages

ABSTRACT

A load control system may include control devices for controlling electrical loads. The control devices may include load control devices, such as a lighting device for controlling an amount of power provided to a lighting load, and input devices, such as a remote control device configured to transmit digital messages comprising lighting control instructions for controlling the lighting load via the lighting device. The remote control device may communicate with the lighting device via an intermediary device, such as a hub device. The remote control device may detect a user interface event, such as a button press or a rotation of the remote control device. The remote control device or the hub device may determine whether to transmit digital messages to as unicast messages or multicast messages based on the type of user interface event detected.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/067,435, filed Oct. 9, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/542,959, filed Aug. 16, 2019, which is issued asU.S. Pat. No. 10,827,596, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/642,157, filed Jul. 5, 2017, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 10,426,017 on Sep. 24, 2019, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/358,555, filed Jul. 5, 2016,the entirety of each of these disclosures are incorporated by referenceherein.

BACKGROUND

A user environment, such as a residence or an office building, forexample, may be configured using various types of load control systems.A lighting control system may be used to control the lighting loads in auser environment. The lighting control system may include variousdevices, such as input devices and load control devices, capable ofcommunicating via radio frequency (RF) communications. For example, aremote control device may be used to communicate with lighting devices(e.g., light bulbs) in the load control system to control the lightinglevel of the lighting devices. The devices may communicate in a networkusing RF communications, such as ZIGBEE® communications; BLUETOOTH®communications; or proprietary communications, such as CLEAR CONNECT™.

In a wireless communications network, the remote control device cancontrol a group of lighting devices using multicast messages. The remotecontrol device may send multicast messages with a group identifier. Thelighting devices that are associated with the group identifier willperform lighting control thereon according to the command in themulticast message. The lighting devices will then forward the message toother neighboring lighting devices to identify the group identifier andperform lighting control if associated with the group identifier.

The number of multicast messages sent in the wireless communicationnetwork may be limited according to a standard and/or to preventinterference or link saturation on the network. For example, in aZIGBEE® home automation network, a remote control device may beprevented from controlling lighting devices using more than nine (9)multicast messages over a nine (9) second period of time. If the remotecontrol device exceeds the limit, the lighting devices will lock up fora period of time (e.g., a number of seconds) before allowing controlfrom another message. Thus, the use of multicast messages may have arate limit, which may cause communications to the lighting devices to bestopped when the rate limit is exceeded, or limiting the lighting levelsto be discrete or choppy, which may be undesirable.

In a wireless communications network, the remote control device canalternatively control a group of lighting devices using unicastmessages. The remote control device may send independent unicastmessages directly to each of the associated lighting devices. Eachunicast message may include a unique identifier of the remote controldevice and a unique identifier of the lighting device for beingcontrolled according to the command in the unicast message. As theunicast messages may be communicated to each lighting device in thegroup individually, the use of unicast messages for controlling thelighting level of lighting devices in a group may cause each lightingdevice in the group to turn on, turn off, or adjust the lightingintensity at different times, which may be distracting and undesirable.

SUMMARY

A load control system may include load control devices for directlycontrolling electrical power supplied to electrical loads, and inputdevices configured to transmit commands or signals to the load controldevices to cause the load control devices to control the electricalloads. Load control devices may include a lighting device forcontrolling an amount of power provided to a lighting load, an audiodevice for controlling a speaker, an HVAC device for controllingtemperature, or other similar load control devices which controlelectrical loads in a system. Input devices may include remote controldevices, which may be battery powered, solar powered, mechanicallypowered, etc., wired control devices, or plug-in control devices.

The remote control device may be a retrofit remote control devicecapable of covering a switch installed on the wall-mounted load controldevice. The remote control device may communicate with the lightingdevice via an intermediary device, such as a hub device. The hub devicemay communicate with the lighting device and the remote control devicevia the same or different protocols.

The remote control device may detect a user interface event. The userinterface event may be a button press, a button hold, a rotation of theremote control device, or a portion thereof, by a defined amount, a softbutton press, etc., or any combination of these. The remote controldevice or the hub device may determine whether to transmit digitalmessages as unicast messages or multicast messages based on the type ofuser interface event detected. The remote control device or the hubdevice may determine whether the user interface event is an on event oran off event for turning the lighting load on or off. When the userinterface event is determined to be the on event or the off event and anumber of multicast messages transmitted within a predefined period oftime is within a predefined threshold, the remote control device or thehub device may transmit the digital message as a multicast message. Whenthe user interface event is determined to be an on event or an off eventand the number of multicast messages transmitted within the predefinedperiod of time exceeds the predefined threshold, the remote controldevice or the hub device may transmit the digital message as a unicastmessage. When the user interface event is determined to be an eventother than the on event or the off event, such as a relative step changeon a rotating remote control device, the remote control device or thehub device may transmit the digital message as a unicast message to thelighting device.

The multicast message may comprise a group identifier recognizable bythe lighting device. The lighting device may be included in a groupassociated with the group identifier and have the group identifierstored thereon. The unicast message may include a unique identifier ofthe lighting device and be communicated individually to the lightingdevice. The unique identifier of the lighting device may be a serialnumber, a network identifier, or an IEEE address, for example.

The remote control device or the hub device may transmit the digitalmessage as a unicast message when the user interface event is determinedto be the on event or the off event and the number of multicast messagestransmitted within the predefined period of time is outside of thepredefined threshold. The lighting device may be included in a loadcontrol system having a plurality of lighting devices for controlling anamount of power provided to respective lighting loads. The remotecontrol device or the hub device may transmit a respective unicastmessage to each lighting device of the plurality of lighting deviceswhen the user interface event is determined to be an event other thanthe on event or the off event, and/or when the user interface event isdetermined to be an on event or the off event and the number ofmulticast messages transmitted within a defined period of time exceeds athreshold.

The remote control device or the hub device may calculate a delaybetween the transmission of each unicast message. The delay may beinjected between unicast messages to help ensure that the communicationlink is idle prior to the device sending the next unicast message (e.g.,help ensure that last message was propagated). The delay may becalculated as a function of the number of the lighting devicesassociated with the remote control device, or the number of associatedlighting devices on a defined route for the unicast message within amesh network. The remote control device or the hub device may determinethe route in the mesh network for the unicast message to be transmittedto the lighting device. The delay may be calculated dynamically prior tothe transmission of each unicast message.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B depict examples of a load control system that mayimplement one or more message types for communicating digital messages.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart depicting an example method for configuringdigital messages for transmission in a load control system.

FIG. 3 shows an example load control system that indicates a timingconfiguration for transmitting unicast messages in a load controlsystem.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting an example method for configuringdigital messages for transmission in a load control system.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example load control device.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example input device.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example network device.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an example hub device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1A and 1B depict examples of a load control system 100 that mayimplement one or more message types for communicating digital messages.As shown in FIG. 1A, the load control system 100 may include variouscontrol devices, such as input devices and/or load control devices. Theinput device may send digital messages to the load control device tocause the load control device to control an amount of power providedfrom an AC power source 102 to an electric load in the load controlsystem 100.

Load control devices may control the electrical loads within a roomand/or a building. Each load control device may be capable of directlycontrolling the amount of power provided to an electrical load inresponse to communication from an input device. Example load controldevices may include lighting devices 112, 112 a and/or lighting device122 (e.g., a load control device in light bulbs, ballasts, LED drivers,etc.). Load control devices may also, or alternatively, include an audiodevice for controlling a speaker, an HVAC device for controllingtemperature, and/or other similar load control devices which controlelectrical loads in a system.

An input device may indirectly control the amount of power provided toan electrical load by transmitting digital messages to the load controldevice. The digital messages may include control instructions (e.g.,load control instructions) or another indication that causes the loadcontrol device to determine load control instructions for controlling anelectrical load. Example input devices may include remote control device116. The input devices may include a wired or wireless device. Inputdevices may include remote control devices, which may be batterypowered, solar powered, mechanically powered, etc., wired controldevices, and/or plug-in control devices.

Control devices (e.g., input devices and/or load control devices) maycommunicate with each other and/or other devices via wired and/orwireless communications. The control devices may communicate usingdigital messages in a wireless signal. For example, the control devicesmay communicate via a radio frequency (RF) signal 106. The RF signal 106may be communicated via an RF communication protocol (e.g., ZIGBEE®;near field communication (NFC); BLUETOOTH®; WI-FI®; a proprietarycommunication protocol, such as CLEAR CONNECT™, etc.). The digitalmessages may be transmitted as multicast messages and/or unicastmessages via the RF signal 106.

The lighting device 122 may be installed in a plug-in device 124, suchas a lamp (e.g., a table lamp). The plug-in device 124 may be coupled inseries electrical connection between the AC power source 102 and thelighting device 122. The plug-in device 124 may be plugged into anelectrical receptacle 126 that is powered by the AC power source 102.The plug-in device 124 may be plugged into the electrical receptacle 126or a separate plug-in load control device that is plugged into theelectrical receptacle 126 and configured to control the power deliveredto the lighting device 122.

Lighting devices 112, 112 a may be controlled by a wall-mounted loadcontrol device 110. Though lighting devices 112, 112 a are shown in FIG.1A, any number of lighting devices may be implemented that may besupported by the wall-mounted load control device 110 and/or the ACpower source 102. The wall-mounted load control device 110 may becoupled in series electrical connection between the AC power source 102and lighting devices 112, 112 a. The wall-mounted load control device110 may include a toggle actuator, which may be referred to as a switch,(not shown) for controlling the power from the AC power source 102. Thelighting devices 112, 112 a may be turned on and off by a switch (notshown) installed on the wall-mounted load control device 110. Thelighting devices 112, 112 a may be installed in respective ceilingmounted downlight fixtures 114, 114 a or other lighting fixture mountedto another surface. The wall-mounted load control device 110 may beadapted to be wall-mounted in a standard electrical wallbox.

The lighting devices 112, 112 a may be turned on or off, or theintensity level may be adjusted, in response to the remote controldevice 116 installed on the wall-mounted load control device 110. Forexample, the lighting devices 112, 112 a may be turned on or off byturning the remote control device 116, which may act as a rotary knob,or pressing the remote control device 116, installed on the wall-mountedload control device 110. The lighting level of the lighting controldevices 112, 112 a may be increased or decreased by rotating the remotecontrol device 116 in one direction or another, respectively.

The remote control device 116 may be a retrofit remote control devicemounted over a toggle actuator (not shown) of the wall-mounted loadcontrol device 110. The remote control device 116 may be configured tomaintain the toggle actuator (not shown) of the wall-mounted loadcontrol device 110 in the “on” position (e.g., by covering the switchwhen in the “on” position) to maintain the flow of power from the ACpower source 102 to the lighting devices 112, 112 a.

The remote control device 116 may transmit digital messages via the RFsignals 106 to control the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122. The remotecontrol device 116 may transmit digital messages including amove-to-level command that identifies a lighting level to which thelighting devices may change. The move-to-level command may include theamount of time over which the lighting level may be changed at thelighting devices. The move-to-level command may indicate an “on” eventor an “off” event to turn the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 on oroff, respectively. For example, the “on” event may be indicated with a100% lighting level, or another preset lighting level. The “off” eventmay be indicated with a 0% lighting level. The lighting level for the“on” event and/or the “off” event may also, or alternatively, be storedat the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 and the lighting devices maychange to the lighting level upon receiving an indication of theoccurrence of the “on” event or “off” event at the remote control device116. The digital messages may indicate an “on” event when the remotecontrol device 116 is rotated a predefined distance or time in onedirection. As an example, the remote control device 116 may transmitdigital messages when the remote control device 116 is identified asbeing rotated for 100 milliseconds (ms). The digital messages mayindicate an “off” event when the remote control device 116 is rotated apredefined distance or time in the opposite direction. The digitalmessages may indicate an “on” event or an “off” event when the remotecontrol device 116 is pressed (e.g., when a button on the face of theremote control device is pressed or the remote control device 116 ispressed in).

The remote control device 116 may transmit digital messages configuredto increase the lighting level of the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122when the remote control device 116 is rotated in a direction (e.g.,clockwise). The remote control device 116 may transmit digital messagesconfigured to decrease the lighting level of the lighting devices 112,112 a, 122 when the remote control device 116 is rotated in the oppositedirection (e.g., counterclockwise). The digital messages may include amove-with-rate command, which may cause the lighting devices 112, 112 a,122 to change their respective intensity level by a predefined amount.The move-with-rate command may include the amount of time over which thelighting level may be changed at the lighting devices. Themove-with-rate command may cause the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 toretain their proportional intensity levels, and/or difference inrespective intensity levels. The remote control device 116 may senddigital messages to increase or decrease the lighting level by apredefined amount when rotated a predefined distance or for a predefinedtime. The amount of the increase or decrease may be indicated in thedigital messages or may be predefined at the lighting devices 112, 112a, 122.

Though examples are provided for controlling the lighting devices 112,112 a, 122 using RF signals 106 transmitted from the remote controldevice 116, the remote control device 116 may control other load controldevices. For example, the remote control device 116 may transmit an “on”event or an “off” event to respectively turn on or off an audio devicefor controlling a speaker, an HVAC device for controlling temperature,and/or other similar load control devices which control electrical loadsin a system. The move-to-level command or the move-with-rate command maybe transmitted to control a volume level of the audio device, atemperature level of the HVAC device, or otherwise control a level atwhich an electrical load may be operated.

The digital messages transmitted via the RF signals 106 may be multicastmessages. For example, the digital messages including the move-to-levelcommand may be transmitted as multicast messages. The multicast messagesmay include a group identifier for controlling the lighting devices 112,112 a, 122 that are a part of the multicast group. The lighting devices112, 112 a, 122 may be a part of the multicast group when they areassociated with the group identifier (e.g., by having the groupidentifier stored thereon) for recognizing multicast messagestransmitted to the group. The lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 that areassociated with the group identifier may recognize the multicastmessages and control the corresponding lighting load according to thecommand in the multicast messages. The lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122may forward the multicast messages with the group identifier foridentification and load control by other lighting devices associatedwith the group identifier.

The group may be formed at commissioning or configuration of the loadcontrol system 100. The remote control device 116 may generate the groupidentifier and send the group identifier to the lighting devices 112,112 a, 122 and/or a hub device 180 (e.g., shown in FIG. 1B) when theremote control device 116 is in an association mode (e.g., entered uponselection of one or more buttons). The devices that store the groupidentifier may be part of the group of devices that can respond to groupmessages.

The number of multicast messages that may be used to control thelighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 may be limited within a defined periodof time. For example, the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 may respondto nine (9) multicast messages over a nine (9) second period of time forcontrolling the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 before the lightingdevices 112, 112 a, 122 prevent receipt of multicast messages and/orcontrol based on received multicast messages for a period of time (e.g.,a number of seconds).

As the number of multicast messages may be limited within a definedperiod of time, the unicast messages may also, or alternatively, betransmitted via the RF signals 106. For example, the digital messagesincluding the move-with-rate command or the move-to-level command may betransmitted as unicast messages. Unicast messages may be sent from theremote control device 116 directly or via hops to each of the lightingdevices 112, 112 a, 122. The remote control device 116 may individuallysend a unicast message to each of the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122with which the remote control device 116 is associated for performingload control. The remote control device 116 may have the uniqueidentifier of each of the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 with which itis associated stored in memory. The remote control device 116 maygenerate a separate unicast message for each lighting device 112, 112 a,122 and address the unicast messages to the lighting devices 112, 112 a,122 independently. The unicast messages may also include the uniqueidentifier of the remote control device 116. The lighting devices 112,112 a, 122 may identify the unicast messages communicated to them byidentifying their own unique identifier and/or a correspondingidentifier of the remote that are stored in an association dataset. Thelighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 may operate according to theinstructions (e.g., load control instructions) in the digital messagescomprising their own unique identifier and/or the unique identifier ofan associated device, such as the remote control device 116.

The multicast messages may be communicated more efficiently from theremote control device 116, as a single message may be transmitted tomultiple lighting devices, such as lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122, atonce. The multicast messages may be more reliable, as the multicastmessages may be repeated by a receiving device, such that devices thatfail to receive the message due to interference or signal strength mayreceive the multicast message upon the message being repeated. The loadcontrol instructions in the multicast messages may also be received andimplemented by multiple lighting devices, such as lighting devices 112,112 a, 122, at the same time, or at nearly the same time with a minordelay due to differences in latency, as a single message is beingreceived at a group of devices within the same wireless range. Thedifference in latency may be overcome by determining the latency at eachof the lighting devices and compensating for the difference in latencyat each lighting device by delaying the implementation of the loadcontrol instructions by the difference in latency. The load controlinstructions in the unicast messages may be received and implemented bymultiple lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 at different times, which maybe caused by the difference in latency between the devices and/or thetime to process and transmit each message, as a different message isbeing transmitted to each device in a wireless range. The number ofunicast messages transmitted within a predefined period of time may beunlimited.

The remote control device 116 may determine a message transmissionconfiguration to efficiently transmit messages to the respectivelighting devices when the remote control device detects a user interfaceevent on a user interface. The message transmission configuration mayinclude one or a plurality of unicast and/or multicast messages. Ahybrid form of communication using multicast and unicast messages may beimplemented at the remote control device 116, and/or other transmittingdevices in the load control system 100, to prevent exceeding thepredefined number of multicast messages to be transmitted within apredefined period of time, and allow for more efficient communication ofdigital messages, while limiting distractions to the user due toobservable delay in implementation of load control instructions atdifferent devices.

The multicast messages may be reserved for digital messages that maychange the lighting intensity level more drastically. The multicastmessages may be reserved for digital messages that include amove-to-level command, as the delay between lighting devices changing anintensity level may be more noticeable to occupants of a space when thechange in the intensity level at the lighting devices is greater. Forexample, the multicast messages may be generated for events such as on,off, toggle, move to level, move, stop, step, and/or recall scenes, asimplementing the events may be more noticeable to occupants of a space.The on command may be interpreted by the lighting devices to turn thelighting load on. The off command may be interpreted by the lightingdevices to turn the lighting load off. When a lighting load is alreadyon or off and the lighting device receives the on or off command,respectively, the lighting device may maintain the indicated status. Thetoggle command may cause each of the lighting devices to switch thestatus of the lighting load from on to off, or vice versa. Themove-to-level commands may indicate a lighting level to which thelighting load may be moved. A lighting device may move a lighting loadby increasing or decreasing the intensity in an indicated direction uponreceiving a move command until a stop command is received. The stopcommand may be transmitted to cause the lighting device to stop movingthe lighting intensity level of the lighting device. A step command mayindicate a preset intensity which the lighting load may be increased ordecreased. The preset intensity may be stored locally at the lightingdevice or may be indicated in the step command. The step command, themove command, and/or the move-to-level command may also be on/offcommands that cause the lighting load to turn on when the lighting loadis off, or to turn off when the lighting load is on. A recall scenescommand may be sent via multicast messages for preset events, where thelighting devices recall a specific state from memory upon receiving amessage with a recall scene command. In another example, the on commandor toggle command may be used to turn the lighting load on, and/or theoff command or the toggle command may be used to turn the lighting loadoff.

One example of defined events may be implemented using a ZIGBEE®protocol. For example, the multicast messages generated for a ZIGBEE®protocol may be generated for events such as on, off, toggle, move tolevel, move to level with on/off, move, move with on/off, stop, step,and/or step with on/off.

The unicast messages may be used to transmit load control instructionsindicating a change to the lighting intensity of the lighting devices112, 112 a, 122, as the greater delay of implementation of the loadcontrol instructions at each of the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 maybe less noticeable to the occupants when the change in lightingintensity is less. The unicast messages may also limit the networktraffic by not causing the receiving device to repeat the message. Acombination of multicast and unicast messages may be used to optimallychange the lighting intensity to minimize the latency effects of theunicast messages while remaining under the predefined limit of themulticast messages.

The multicast messages may be used so long as the number of multicastmessages transmitted and/or received within a predefined period of timedoes not exceed a predefined limit. For example, in a ZIGBEE®communication system, the remote control device 116 may configuredigital messages as multicast messages to transmit “on” or “off”commands, so long as the remote control device 116 does not transmitand/or the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 do not receive more thannine (9) multicast message over a nine (9) second period of time. If thenumber of multicast messages transmitted by the remote control device116 and/or received by the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 exceeds thepredefined number, the remote control device 116 may configure themove-to-level commands, such as “on” or “off” commands, as unicastmessages (e.g., until the predefined period of time has elapsed).

The remote control device 116 and/or the lighting devices 112, 112 a,122 may keep track of the number of multicast messages sent within apredefined period of time. The remote control device 116 mayautomatically configure the digital messages as multicast messages andunicast messages according to the number of multicast messagestransmitted within the predefined period of time. The remote controldevice 116 may also, or alternatively, configure messages as multicastmessages and wait for a negative acknowledgement (“NACK”) or otherindication that the last multicast message is above the threshold numberof multicast messages allowed within the predefined period of time. Ifthe remote control device 116 determines that the number of multicastmessages is approaching the predefined limit, the remote control device116 may adaptively switch to using unicast messages exclusively or asneeded, or may alternate between unicast and multicast messages, oremploy similar message configurations to ensure that the multicastmessages are sufficiently spaced in time such that the lighting devices112, 112 a, 122 are prevented from exceeding the predefined limit (e.g.,until the predefined period of time has elapsed).

The remote control device 116 may transmit unicast messages that includemove-with-rate commands to increase or decrease the lighting intensitylevel of the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 in predefined incrementsas the user turns the remote control device 116 a predefined distance ortime in one direction or another. The remote control device 116 mayindependently transmit a unicast message to each lighting device 112,112 a, 122 in order and may keep transmitting unicast messages to eachlighting device 112, 112 a, 122 as the user continues to turn the remotecontrol device 116. For example, the remote control device 116 mayidentify a rotation of a predefined distance or for a predefined timeand send a unicast message to instruct the lighting device 112 toincrease by ten percent (10%), send a unicast message to instruct thelighting device 112 a to increase by ten percent (10%), and send aunicast message to instruct the lighting device 122 to increase by tenpercent (10%). The remote control device 116 may identify a continuedrotation of a predefined distance or time and send respective unicastmessages to instruct the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 to increase byten percent (10%) again.

The remote control device 116 may also, or alternatively, send unicastmessages for a move-to-level command (e.g., on or off command) to turnon/off the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122. The remote control device116 may independently transmit a unicast message to each lighting device112, 112 a, 122 in order when an on event or an off event are detected.For example, the remote control device 116 may identify a rotation oractuation and send a unicast message to instruct the lighting device 112to turn on/off, send a unicast message to instruct the lighting device112 a to turn on/off, and send a unicast message to instruct thelighting device 122 to turn on/off. The remote control device 116 mayoperate by sending a move-with-rate command after turning on. Forexample, the remote control device 116 may identify a rotation of apredefined distance or time after turning on and send respective unicastmessages to instruct the lighting devices 112, 112 a, 122 toincrease/decrease by a predefined intensity (e.g., ten percent (10%)).

Embodiments described herein are not limited to remote control devices,but other input devices may also be used in the same, or similar,manner. For example, embodiments may include wired control devicesand/or plug-in control devices that communicate unicast and/or multicastmessages as described herein. Additionally, although examples areprovided for controlling lighting devices using multicast and/or unicastmessages, similar message formats may be used to control other types ofload control devices, such as an audio device for controlling a speaker,an HVAC device for controlling temperature, and/or other similar loadcontrol devices which control electrical loads in a system, for example.The multicast and/or unicast messages may operate as described herein tochange the volume level of an audio device, a temperature of an HVACdevice, and/or levels of other electrical loads in a system. Forexample, the multicast messages may be generated for events such as on,off, toggle, move to level, move, stop, step, and/or recall scenes forcontrolling the volume level of an audio device, a temperature of anHVAC device, and/or levels of other electrical loads in a system.

FIG. 1B shows the example load control system 100 having other devices.For example, the load control system 100 may include other controldevices, such as input devices and/or load control devices. The loadcontrol devices may be capable of controlling the amount of powerprovided to a respective electrical load based on digital messagesreceived from the input devices. The digital messages may include loadcontrol instructions or another indication that causes the load controldevice to determine load control instructions for controlling anelectrical load.

Examples of load control devices may include a motorized windowtreatment 130 and/or the lighting devices 112, 122, though other loadcontrol devices may be implemented. The input devices may include aremote control device 150, an occupancy sensor 160, a daylight sensor170, and/or a network device 190, though other input devices may beimplemented. The input devices may perform communications in aconfiguration similar to the remote control device 116 as describedherein. The load control devices may perform communications in aconfiguration similar to the lighting devices 112, 122 as describedherein.

The load control devices may receive digital messages via wirelesssignals, e.g., radio-frequency (RF) signals 106 (e.g., ZIGBEE®; NFC;BLUETOOTH®; WI-FI®; or a proprietary communication channel, such asCLEAR CONNECT™, etc.). The wireless signals may be transmitted by theinput devices. In response to the received digital messages, therespective lighting devices 112, 122 may be turned on and off, and/orthe intensities of the respective lighting devices 112, 122 may beincreased or decreased. In response to the received digital messages,the motorized window treatment 130 may increase or decrease a level of acovering material 134.

The remote control device 150 may include one or more actuators 152(e.g., one or more of an on button, an off button, a raise button, alower button, or a preset button). The remote control device 150 maytransmit RF signals 106 in response to actuations of one or more of theactuators 152. The remote control device 150 may be handheld. The remotecontrol device 150 may be mounted vertically to a wall, or supported ona pedestal to be mounted on a tabletop. The remote control device 150may be attached to the wall or detached from the wall. The remotecontrol device 150 may be battery powered. Examples of remote controldevices are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat.No. 8,330,638, issued Dec. 11, 2012, entitled WIRELESS BATTERY-POWEREDREMOTE CONTROL HAVING MULTIPLE MOUNTING MEANS; U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,919,issued Sep. 28, 1993, entitled LIGHTING CONTROL DEVICE; U.S. Pat. No.8,471,779, issued June 25, 2013, entitled WIRELESS BATTERY-POWEREDREMOTE CONTROL WITH LABEL SERVING AS ANTENNA ELEMENT; U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2014/0132475, published May 15, 2014,entitled WIRELESS LOAD CONTROL DEVICE; and U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2012/0286940, published Nov. 15, 2012, entitled CONTROLDEVICE HAVING A NIGHTLIGHT, the entire disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

The occupancy sensor 160 may be configured to detect occupancy andvacancy conditions in the space in which the load control system 100 isinstalled. The occupancy sensor 160 may transmit digital messages toload control devices via the RF communication signals 106 in response todetecting the occupancy or vacancy conditions. The occupancy sensor 160may operate as a vacancy sensor, such that digital messages aretransmitted in response to detecting a vacancy condition (e.g., digitalmessages may not be transmitted in response to detecting an occupancycondition). The occupancy sensor 160 may enter an association mode andmay transmit association messages via the RF communication signals 106in response to actuation of a button on the occupancy sensor 160.Examples of RF load control systems having occupancy and vacancy sensorsare described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No.8,009,042, issued Aug. 30, 2011, entitled RADIO-FREQUENCY LIGHTINGCONTROL SYSTEM WITH OCCUPANCY SENSING; U.S. Pat. No. 8,199,010, issuedJun. 12, 2012, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONFIGURING A WIRELESSSENSOR; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,228,184, issued Jul. 24, 2012, entitledBATTERY-POWERED OCCUPANCY SENSOR, the entire disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

The daylight sensor 170 may be configured to measure a total lightintensity in the space in which the load control system 100 isinstalled. The daylight sensor 170 may transmit digital messagesincluding the measured light intensity via the RF communication signals106 for controlling load control devices in response to the measuredlight intensity. The daylight sensor 170 may enter an association modeand may transmit association messages via the RF communication signals106 in response to actuation of a button on the daylight sensor 170.Examples of RF load control systems having daylight sensors aredescribed in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No.8,410,706, issued Apr. 2, 2013, entitled METHOD OF CALIBRATING ADAYLIGHT SENSOR; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,451,116, issued May 28, 2013,entitled WIRELESS BATTERY-POWERED DAYLIGHT SENSOR, the entiredisclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The motorized window treatment 130 may be mounted in front of a windowfor controlling the amount of daylight entering the space in which theload control system 100 is installed. The motorized window treatment 130may include, for example, a cellular shade, a roller shade, a drapery, aRoman shade, a Venetian blind, a Persian blind, a pleated blind, atensioned roller shade systems, or other suitable motorized windowcovering. The motorized window treatment 130 may include a motor driveunit 132 for adjusting the position of a covering material 134 of themotorized window treatment 130 in order to control the amount ofdaylight entering the space. The motor drive unit 132 of the motorizedwindow treatment 130 may have an RF receiver and an antenna mounted onor extending from a motor drive unit of the motorized window treatment130. The motor drive unit 132 may respond to digital messages toincrease or decrease the level of the covering material 134. The motordrive unit 132 of the motorized window treatment 130 may bebattery-powered or may receive power from an external direct-current(DC) power supply. Examples of battery-powered motorized windowtreatments are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0261078, published Oct. 18,2012, entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT, and U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2014/0231032, published Aug. 21, 2014, entitledBATTERY-POWERED ROLLER SHADE SYSTEM, the entire disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference

Digital messages transmitted by the input devices may include a commandand/or identifying information, such as a serial number (e.g., a uniqueidentifier) associated with the transmitting input device. Each of theinput devices may be assigned to load control devices, such as thelighting devices 112, 122 and/or the motorized window treatment 130,during a configuration procedure of the load control system 100, suchthat the lighting devices 112, 122 and/or the motorized window treatment130 may be responsive to digital messages transmitted by the inputdevices via the RF signals 106. Examples of associating wireless controldevices during a configuration procedure are described in greater detailin commonly-assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2008/0111491, published May 15, 2008, entitled RADIO-FREQUENCY LIGHTINGCONTROL SYSTEM, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2013/0214609, published Aug. 22, 2013, entitled TWO-PART LOAD CONTROLSYSTEM MOUNTABLE TO A SINGLE ELECTRICAL WALLBOX, the entire disclosuresof which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The load control system 100 may include a hub device 180 configured toenable communication with a network 182, e.g., a wireless or wired localarea network (LAN). The hub device 180 may be connected to a router viaa wired digital communication link 184 (e.g., an Ethernet communicationlink). The router may allow for communication with the network 182,e.g., for access to the Internet. The hub device 180 may be wirelesslyconnected to the network 182, e.g., using wireless technology, such asWi-Fi technology, cellular technology, etc. The hub device 180 may beconfigured to transmit communication signals (e.g., RF signals 106) tothe lighting devices 112, 122 and/or the motorized window treatment 130for controlling the devices in response to digital messages receivedfrom external devices via the network 182. The hub device 180 maycommunicate via one or more types of RF communication signals (e.g.,ZIGBEE®; NFC; BLUETOOTH®; WI-FI®; cellular; a proprietary communicationchannel, such as CLEAR CONNECT™, etc.). The hub device 180 may beconfigured to transmit and/or receive RF signals 106 (e.g., usingZIGBEE®; NFC; BLUETOOTH®; or a proprietary communication channel, suchas CLEAR CONNECT™, etc.). The hub device 180 may be configured totransmit digital messages via the network 182 for providing data (e.g.,status information) to external devices (e.g., using WI-FI®, cellular,etc.).

The RF signals 106 may be transmitted via one or more protocols. Forexample, the remote control device 116 and the remote control device 150may communicate digital messages to lighting devices 112, 122 viaanother protocol (e.g., ZIGBEE®, BLUETOOTH®, etc.) than other devices(e.g., occupancy sensor 160, daylight sensor 170, motorized windowtreatment 130) may communicate (e.g., a proprietary communicationchannel, such as CLEAR CONNECT™, etc.). The hub device 180 may formatdigital communications using the appropriate protocol.

The hub device 180 may operate as a central controller for the loadcontrol system 100, and/or relay digital messages between the controldevices (e.g., lighting devices, motorized window treatments, etc.) ofthe load control system and the network 182. The hub device 180 mayreceive digital messages from an input device and configure the digitalmessage for communication to a load control device. For example, the hubdevice may configure multicast messages and/or unicast messages fortransmission as described herein. The hub device 180 may be on-site atthe load control system 100 or at a remote location. Though the hubdevice 180 is shown as a single device, the load control system 100 mayinclude multiple hubs and/or the functionality thereof may bedistributed across multiple devices.

The load control system 100 may include a network device 190, such as, asmart phone (for example, an iPhone® smart phone, an Android® smartphone, or a Blackberry® smart phone), a personal computer, a laptop, awireless-capable media device (e.g., MP3 player, gaming device, ortelevision), a tablet device, (for example, an iPad® hand-held computingdevice), a Wi-Fi or wireless-communication-capable television, or anyother suitable network communication or Internet-Protocol-enableddevice. The network device 190 may be operable to transmit digitalmessages in one or more Internet Protocol packets to the hub device 180via RF signals 108 either directly or via the network 182. For example,the network device 190 may transmit the RF signals 108 to the hub device180 via a Wi-Fi communication link, a Wi-MAX communications link, aBluetooth® communications link, a near field communication (NFC) link, acellular communications link, a television white space (TVWS)communication link, or any combination thereof. The RF signals 108 maybe communicated using a different protocol and/or wireless band than theRF signals 106. For example, the RF signals 108 may be configured forWi-Fi communication or cellular communication, while RF signals 106 maybe configured for ZIGBEE® or a proprietary communication channel, suchas CLEAR CONNECT™. In another example, the RF signals 108 and the RFsignals 106 may be the same. Examples of load control systems operableto communicate with network devices on a network are described ingreater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Patent Application PublicationNo. 2013/0030589, published Jan. 31, 2013, entitled LOAD CONTROL DEVICEHAVING INTERNET CONNECTIVITY, the entire disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference.

The network device 190 may include a visual display 192. The visualdisplay 192 may include a touch screen that may include, for example, acapacitive touch pad displaced overtop the visual display, such that thevisual display may display soft buttons that may be actuated by a user.The network device 190 may include a plurality of hard buttons, e.g.,physical buttons (not shown), in addition to the visual display 192. Thenetwork device 190 may download a product control application forallowing a user of the network device 190 to control the load controlsystem 100. In response to actuations of the displayed soft buttonsand/or hard buttons, the network device 190 may transmit digitalmessages to the load control devices and/or the hub device 180 throughthe wireless communications described herein.

The operation of the load control system 100 may be programmed andconfigured using the hub device 180 and/or network device 190. Anexample of a configuration procedure for a wireless load control systemis described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2014/0265568, published Sep. 18, 2014,entitled COMMISSIONING LOAD CONTROL SYSTEMS, the entire disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart depicting an example method 200 for configuringdigital messages for transmission in a load control system. As shown inFIG. 2 , the method 200 may begin at 202. At 204, a control device, suchas a remote control device, may detect a user interface event on a userinterface. The user interface event may be a button press or a rotationof a remote control device a predefined distance or for a predefinedtime, for example. At 206, it may be determined whether the userinterface event is an “on” event or an “off” event or scene controlevent. The determination at 206 may also comprise a determination as towhether the user interface event is for transmission of anothermove-to-level command, such as a move-to-level command that would causean increase or decrease greater than a predefined threshold, forexample.

If the user interface event is an on/off event or an indication fortransmission of another move-to-level command, such as a move-to-levelcommand that would cause an increase or decrease in intensity greaterthan a predefined threshold intensity level, a determination may be madeat 208 to identify whether the number of multicast messages that havebeen transmitted or received within a predefined period is above apredefined threshold at 208. The threshold number of messages and/or thepredefined period of time may be defined according to a ZIGBEE® standard(e.g., nine multicast messages within a nine second period of time). Thedetermination at 208 may be made at the input device configuring themessages for transmission, such as a remote control device, and/or theload control device receiving the digital messages, such as the lightingdevices, for example. If the threshold number of multicast messagestransmitted or received within the time period is below the predefinedthreshold, the control device may send the digital message with the loadcontrol instructions as a multicast message at 212. The method 200 mayend at 214.

If the indication is determined to be an indication to increase/decreasethe lighting level of the lighting devices at 206 (e.g., when the loadis on), or the indication is an on/off event or other move-to-levelcommand above a defined threshold at 206 and the number of multicastmessages is within a time period is above the predefined threshold at208, the control device may send digital message with the load controlinstructions as unicast messages to each of the associated devices at210. The indication to increase/decrease the level of the lightingdevices may be below a predefined threshold intensity level (e.g., in amove-with-rate command). The method 200 may end at 214.

The method 200 may similarly be performed for configuring messages forcontrolling other load control devices. For example, a determination maybe made at 206 to determine whether the indication is to move amotorized window treatment to a fully-open/fully-closed position, or aposition greater or less than a predefined threshold. The control devicemay transmit the digital message to the motorized window treatment as amulticast message at 212 if the number of multicast messages transmittedor received within a time period is determined to be below thepredefined threshold at 208.

Though the method 200, or portions thereof, may be described as beingperformed by a control device, the method 200, or portions thereof, maybe performed by a hub device when the digital messages are sent tocontrol devices via the hub device. Additionally, though the method 200may be described for controlling lighting devices or motorized windowtreatments, the method 200 may similarly be implemented to control othertypes of load control devices, such as an audio device for controlling aspeaker, an HVAC device for controlling temperature, and/or othersimilar load control devices which control electrical loads in a system.

FIG. 3 shows an example load control system 300 that indicates a timingconfiguration for transmitting unicast messages. As shown in FIG. 3 ,the remote control device 316 may transmit a unicast message to each ofthe lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c (e.g., light bulbs) on alink 306. The lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c may communicatewith one another in a mesh network. The route for the unicast messagesmay be determined by the remote control device 316, a hub device, or oneor more of the lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c. The route maybe determined by a parent device. For example, the remote control device316 may transmit each message to a parent device, such as lightingdevice 312, which may forward the unicast message on in a determinedroute to the addressed lighting device. The parent device, or otherdevices determining the route of digital messages, may dynamicallydetermine the route of the digital message based on a proximity of theparent device to neighboring devices. The proximity may be a geographicproximity, or an estimated proximity based on a measurement of receivedsignal strength (e.g., RSSI) for messages transmitted between devices.

The unicast messages may be transmitted to the furthest lighting device312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c (e.g., light bulbs) on the link 306 first andcontinue to be transmitted to the further devices prior to closerdevices to allow for processing of messages while the messages aretraveling between devices, or to allow the closer devices to forwardmessages on the route and then begin processing their own messages uponreceipt. The processing of messages may be occurring at multiple devicesin this way and allow for more efficient communication of unicastmessages.

The link 306 may include a wired or a wireless communication link. Thelink 306 may include a power link. The unicast message may be configuredat the remote control device 316 after detecting a user interface event.The user interface event may be a rotation of a defined amount, such asa relative step change on the remote control device 316.

Per relative step change on the remote control device 316, the remotecontrol device 316 may send out a unicast message with a move-with-ratecommand, or move-to-level command (e.g., on/off command), to each of theassociated lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c on the link 306,using a unicast addressing scheme. The unicast messages may include theunique identifier of the lighting device 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c towhich the message is addressed.

The remote control device 316 may inject a delay (e.g., X millisecond(ms) delay) between sending a unicast message to each lighting device312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c. When the unicast messages are communicated viaa hub device, the hub device may inject the delay. This delay may beinjected to prevent the remote control device 316 from overflowing itsown transmit buffer, which may cause message drop outs/failures andplayback. This delay may be injected in an attempt to ensure there isenough time for the parent device to send out the message to adestination device in case of retries and/or repeating messages in amesh network. Transmission of messages may be retried and/or repeatedwhen the device does not receive an acknowledgement, or receives anegative acknowledgement. The delay may be thirty-seven milliseconds(ms) or less, as an example.

The rate at which the remote control device 316 sends the unicastmessages and the amount of change in the rotation may be defined basedon the number of lighting devices in the system 300 with which theremote control device 316 and/or a hub device is associated forcommunication. The rate the unicast messages are transmitted from theremote control device 316 and/or the hub device may be a function of thenumber of lighting devices in the system 300.

The delay between the unicast messages may cause the unicast message tobe transmitted at a rate equal to the average time to transmit a messagebetween devices (e.g., 10 ms) with an additional buffer delay. Theaverage time to transmit a message may be the average time to transmit amessage from the remote control device 316 to another device in thesystem, such as a parent device or another destination device. Theaverage time to transmit a message may be different based on the deviceto which the messages are being transmitted. The average time totransmit a message may take into account multiple transmissions. Forexample, the average time to transmit a message may consider the time totransmit a message to a parent device (e.g., 5 ms) and the time totransmit from the parent to a destination (e.g., 5 ms). The additionalbuffer delay may be dynamically chosen by the remote control device 316based on the number of lighting device 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 cassociated with the remote control device 316. The additional bufferdelay may be injected between unicast messages to help ensure that thecommunication link is idle prior to sending the next unicast message(e.g., help ensure that last message was propagated). The greater thelink traffic on the link 306, the greater the delay may be (e.g., toavoid message collisions). The additional buffer delay may be a numberbetween 5 ms and 10 ms, for example, with a total delay period (e.g., Xms delay) between messages being a minimum of 10 ms and a maximum of 20ms. The total time between sending out a level change to the lightingdevices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c may be 200 ms or less (e.g., for tenlighting devices).

The remote control device 316 may query the lighting devices 312, 312 a,312 b, 312 c to detect the worst case hop for transmissions in the meshnetwork. The hub device may also, or alternatively, query the lightingdevices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c to detect the worst case hop fortransmissions in the mesh network. The worst case hop may be factored into the determination of the delay during unicast transmission. If theremote control device 316 or the hub device determines the route for amessage, the remote control device 316 or the hub device may tell thelighting devices (e.g., the parent lighting device) which devices toprioritize. The closer bulbs identified based on the query may be givena higher priority and order in the route.

The remote control device 316 may transmit a unicast message to eachlighting device 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c. The remote control device 316may transmit a unicast message to the lighting device 312 at time T=0.The remote control device 316 may wait a period of time that includesthe calculated delay based on the number of associated lighting devicesand may transmit the next unicast message to the lighting device 312 a.The remote control device 316 may continue to wait the period of timethat includes the calculated delay between transmitting each unicastmessage to the associated lighting devices 312 b, 312 c.

If the remote control device 316 identifies a continued rotation in onedirection or another, the remote control device 316 may begintransmitting unicast messages again in a similar sequence (e.g., withsimilar delay between messages) to continue changing the lighting levelif the remote control device 316 continues identifying rotations. Thedelay between unicast messages may allow each lighting device 312, 312a, 312 b, 312 c to reach its lighting level prior to receiving the nextunicast message. The rate of change or time period of change that issent with the command is selected such that the lighting device reachesthe target lighting level before or at the same time as receiving thenext unicast message. The delay between unicast messages may allow theparent device time for processing messages prior to receiving the nextmessage. The delay between unicast messages may allow receiving devicestime to repeat messages, send an acknowledgement (“ACK”) or a NACK tothe transmitting device, and/or perform route discovery for the messagetransmission in the mesh network. The delay between unicast messages mayallow the transmitting device time to retransmit in case of a NACK. Theremote control device 316 may enter a sleep mode during the time betweentransmissions.

When the remote control device 316 or a hub device reaches the end of aunicast transmission event (e.g., when a stop in the rotation of a knobto adjust intensity is detected) in unicast messaging (e.g., for aperiod of time), the remote control device 316 or a hub device may senda multicast message indicating to each lighting device 312, 312 a, 312b, 312 c the intensity level at which the devices should be operating,assuming that each of the lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c arebeing controlled to the same level. The lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312b, 312 c may confirm that they are at the indicated intensity and/oradjust to the lighting level indicated in the multicast message.

The lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c may be configured toreport status changes (e.g., intensity level changes, color changes,etc.) to the hub device. The hub device may be configured to monitorcommands from the control devices and status changes from the lightingdevices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c. The hub device may determine whetherany of the lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c have missed commandmessages from one or more of the control devices. The hub device maystore the status (e.g., intensity level, color, etc.) at which each ofthe lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c should be operating basedon the commands from the control devices and compare the stored statuswith the status indicated in the feedback messages. If the hub devicedetermines that one or more of the lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b,312 c have missed a command message from one or more of the controldevices, the hub may resend the command message to the lighting devices312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c which missed the original command message(e.g., as a unicast message), or the hub device may resend the commandmessage to each of the lighting devices 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 cassociated with the one or more control devices (e.g., as a unicastmessage or a multicast message).

Though the load control system 300, or portions thereof, may bedescribed for controlling and/or reporting the status of lightingdevices, such as lighting device 312, 312 a, 312 b, 312 c, the system300 may include other types of load control devices that may besimilarly controlled and/or monitored in the system 300, such as audiodevices for controlling speakers, HVAC devices for controllingtemperature, and/or other similar load control devices which controlelectrical loads in a system.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting an example method 400 for configuringdigital messages for transmission in a load control system. The method400 may be performed at one or more devices in the load control system.For example, the method 400, or portions thereof, may be performed at aremote control device, a hub device, and/or another computing device.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the method 400 may begin at 402. At 404, a controldevice, such as a remote control device, may determine whether a userinterface event has been detected on a user interface. The userinterface event may be a rotation of a defined amount or for a definedamount of time, such as a relative step change on the remote controldevice. If a user interface event is not detected at 404, the method 400may end at 420.

If a user interface event is detected at 404, a determination may bemade as to whether a digital message triggered by the user interfaceevent is a unicast message or a multicast message, as described herein.If the digital message is to be transmitted as a multicast message, thedigital message may be sent, at 408, as a multicast message includingthe load control instructions. The method 400 may end at 420.

If the digital message is to be transmitted as a unicast message, thenumber of associated receiving devices may be determined, at 410. Thenumber of associated receiving devices may be the number of controldevices associated with the transmitting device, and/or the number ofreceiving devices on the determined route to the receiving device in themesh network. The delay between transmissions of each unicast messagemay be calculated, at 412. The delay may be calculated as a function ofthe number of associated receiving devices determined at 410. Though thedelay may be shown as being calculated at 410, the delay may also, oralternatively, be calculated at other times. For example, the delay maybe calculated each time a remote control device receives an input and/orthe delay may be calculated and set when an adjustment is made to thenumber of lighting devices associated with the remote control device(e.g., lighting device is associated or unassociated with the remote).

At 414, a unicast message may be sent to a receiving device. The unicastmessage may be addressed to the receiving device and may be forwardedalong a determined route in a mesh network. A determination may be made,at 418, as to whether there are additional unicast messages to be sentbased on the detected user event at 404. Additional unicast messages maybe sent if additional associated devices are yet to receive a unicastmessage based on the user event detected at 404. If additional unicastmessages are to be sent at 418, the device may wait the delay period at416 prior to sending another unicast message at 414. The device mayenter a sleep mode during the delay period 416. If no additional unicastmessages are to be sent, the method 400 may return to 404 to determinewhether another user event has been detected, such as a continuedrotation of the remote control device. If another user event is notdetected at 404, the method may end at 420.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example load control device,e.g., a load control device 500, as described herein. The load controldevice 500 may be a dimmer switch, an electronic switch, a lightingdevice (e.g., a light bulb, an electronic ballast for lamps, an LEDdriver for LED light sources, etc.), an audio device for controlling aspeaker, an AC plug-in load control device, a temperature control device(e.g., a thermostat) or other HVAC device for controlling temperature, amotor drive unit for a motorized window treatment, or other load controldevice.

The load control device 500 may include a communications circuit 502.The communications circuit 502 may include a receiver, an RFtransceiver, or other communications module capable of performing wiredand/or wireless communications via communications link 510. Thecommunications circuit 502 may be in communication with control circuit504. The control circuit 504 may include one or more general purposeprocessors, special purpose processors, conventional processors, digitalsignal processors (DSPs), microprocessors, integrated circuits, aprogrammable logic device (PLD), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), or the like. The control circuit 504 may performsignal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing,or any other functionality that enables the load control device 500 toperform as described herein.

The control circuit 504 may store information in and/or retrieveinformation from the memory 506. For example, the memory 506 maymaintain a registry of associated control devices and/or controlconfiguration instructions. The memory 506 may include a non-removablememory and/or a removable memory.

The load control circuit 508 may receive instructions from the controlcircuit 504 and may control the electrical load 516 based on thereceived instructions. The load control circuit 508 may send statusfeedback to the control circuit 504 regarding the status of theelectrical load 516. The load control circuit 508 may receive power viathe hot connection 512 and the neutral connection 514 and may provide anamount of power to the electrical load 516. The electrical load 516 mayinclude any type of electrical load.

The control circuit 504 may be in communication with an actuator 518(e.g., one or more buttons) that may be actuated by a user tocommunicate user selections to the control circuit 504. For example, theactuator 518 may be actuated to put the control circuit 504 in anassociation mode and/or communicate association messages from the loadcontrol device 500.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example input device 600 asdescribed herein. The input device 600 may be a remote control device,an occupancy sensor, a daylight sensor, a window sensor, a temperaturesensor, and/or the like. The input device 600 may include a controlcircuit 602 for controlling the functionality of the input device 600.The control circuit 602 may include one or more general purposeprocessors, special purpose processors, conventional processors, digitalsignal processors (DSPs), microprocessors, integrated circuits, aprogrammable logic device (PLD), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), or the like. The control circuit 602 may performsignal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing,or any other functionality that enables the input device 600 to performas described herein.

The control circuit 602 may store information in and/or retrieveinformation from the memory 604. The memory 604 may include anon-removable memory and/or a removable memory, as described herein.

The input device 600 may include a communications circuit 608 fortransmitting and/or receiving information. The communications circuit608 may transmit and/or receive information via wired and/or wirelesscommunications. The communications circuit 608 may include atransmitter, an RF transceiver, or other circuit capable of performingwired and/or wireless communications. The communications circuit 608 maybe in communication with control circuit 602 for transmitting and/orreceiving information.

The control circuit 602 may also be in communication with an inputcircuit 606. The input circuit 606 may include an actuator (e.g., one ormore buttons) or a sensor circuit (e.g., an occupancy sensor circuit, adaylight sensor circuit, or a temperature sensor circuit) for receivinginput that may be sent to a device for controlling an electrical load.For example, the input device may receive input from the input circuit606 to put the control circuit 602 in an association mode and/orcommunicate association messages from the input device 600. The controlcircuit 602 may receive information from the input circuit 606 (e.g. anindication that a button has been actuated or sensed information). Theinput circuit 606 may be actuated as an on/off event. Each of themodules within the input device 600 may be powered by a power source610.

The input circuit 606 may be part of a user interface for detecting userinterface events. For example, the input circuit 606 may detect anactuation of a button on the user interface or a rotation of the userinterface. The detected user interface events may be provided to thecontrol circuit 602 for generating digital messages and/or performingcontrol of electrical loads as described herein.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example network device 700 asdescribed herein. The network device 700 may include the network device190, for example. The network device 700 may include a control circuit702 for controlling the functionality of the network device 700. Thecontrol circuit 702 may include one or more general purpose processors,special purpose processors, conventional processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), microprocessors, integrated circuits, a programmablelogic device (PLD), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), orthe like. The control circuit 702 may perform signal coding, dataprocessing, power control, input/output processing, or any otherfunctionality that enables the network device 700 to perform asdescribed herein.

The control circuit 702 may store information in and/or retrieveinformation from the memory 704. The memory 704 may include anon-removable memory and/or a removable memory. The non-removable memorymay include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a harddisk, or any other type of non-removable memory storage. The removablememory may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memorystick, a memory card, or any other type of removable memory.

The network device 700 may include a communications circuit 708 fortransmitting and/or receiving information. The communications circuit708 may perform wireless and/or wired communications. The communicationscircuit 708 may include an RF transceiver or other circuit capable ofperforming wireless communications via an antenna. Communicationscircuit 708 may be in communication with control circuit 702 fortransmitting and/or receiving information.

The control circuit 702 may also be in communication with a display 706for providing information to a user. The control circuit 702 and/or thedisplay 706 may generate GUIs for being displayed on the network device700. The display 706 and the control circuit 702 may be in two-waycommunication, as the display 706 may include a touch screen modulecapable of receiving information from a user and providing suchinformation to the control circuit 702. The network device may alsoinclude an actuator 712 (e.g., one or more buttons) that may be actuatedby a user to communicate user selections to the control circuit 702.

Each of the modules within the network device 700 may be powered by apower source 710. The power source 710 may include an AC power supply orDC power supply, for example. The power source 710 may generate a supplyvoltage V_(CC) for powering the modules within the network device 700.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example hub device 800 asdescribed herein. The hub device 800 may include a control circuit 802for controlling the functionality of the hub device 800. The controlcircuit 802 may include one or more general purpose processors, specialpurpose processors, conventional processors, digital signal processors(DSPs), microprocessors, integrated circuits, a programmable logicdevice (PLD), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or thelike. The control circuit 802 may perform signal coding, dataprocessing, power control, input/output processing, or any otherfunctionality that enables the hub device 800 to perform as describedherein.

The control circuit 802 may store information in and/or retrieveinformation from the memory 804. The memory 804 may include anon-removable memory and/or a removable memory. The non-removable memorymay include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a harddisk, or any other type of non-removable memory storage. The removablememory may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memorystick, a memory card, or any other type of removable memory.

The hub device 800 may include a communications circuit 806 fortransmitting and/or receiving information. The communications circuit806 may perform wireless and/or wired communications. The hub device 800may also, or alternatively, include a communications circuit 808 fortransmitting and/or receiving information. The communications circuit808 may perform wireless and/or wired communications. Communicationscircuits 806 and 808 may be in communication with control circuit 802.The communications circuits 806 and 808 may include RF transceivers orother communications modules capable of performing wirelesscommunications via an antenna. The communications circuit 806 andcommunications circuit 808 may be capable of performing communicationsvia the same communication channels or different communication channels.For example, the communications circuit 806 may be capable ofcommunicating (e.g., with a network device, over a network, etc.) via awireless communication channel (e.g., BLUETOOTH®, near fieldcommunication (NFC), WIFI®, WI-MAX®, cellular, etc.) and thecommunications circuit 808 may be capable of communicating (e.g., withcontrol devices and/or other devices in the load control system) viaanother wireless communication channel (e.g., ZIGBEE®; WI-FI®;BLUETOOTH®; or a proprietary communication channel, such as CLEARCONNECT™).

The control circuit 802 may be in communication with an LED indicator812 for providing indications to a user. The control circuit 802 may bein communication with an actuator 814 (e.g., one or more buttons) thatmay be actuated by a user to communicate user selections to the controlcircuit 802. For example, the actuator 814 may be actuated to put thecontrol circuit 802 in an association mode and/or communicateassociation messages from the hub device 800.

Each of the modules within the hub device 800 may be powered by a powersource 810. The power source 810 may include an AC power supply or DCpower supply, for example. The power source 810 may generate a supplyvoltage V_(CC) for powering the modules within the hub device 800.

Although features and elements are described herein in particularcombinations, each feature or element can be used alone or in anycombination with the other features and elements. For example, thefunctionality described herein may be described as being performed by acontrol device, such as a remote control device or a lighting device,but may be similarly performed by a hub device or a network device. Themethods described herein may be implemented in a computer program,software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium forexecution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readablemedia include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wirelessconnections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples ofcomputer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a readonly memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), removable disks, andoptical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: determining whether an inputis configured to cause greater than a threshold amount of change atleast one load control device of a plurality of load control devices,each of the plurality of load control device configured to control atleast one electrical load; when the input is determined to cause greaterthan the threshold amount of change at the at least one load controldevice, transmitting a multicast message to the plurality of loadcontrol devices; and when the input is determined to cause less than thethreshold amount of change at the at least one load control device,transmitting a respective unicast message to each of the at least oneload control device.